0-13 - digital pins
~ - pWM (pulse-width modulation) pins
A0-A5 - analog pins
5V, 3.3V - power pins
GND - ground pins
RESET - reset pin
AREF - analog reference
1 - TX - Transmitting
2 - RX - Receiving
Can be user to serial communications
13 - Onboard LED
Program is reset and it restarts.
Full description of the board can be found at this page https://www.tutorialspoint.com/arduino/arduino_board_description.htm.